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Camera Modes
Understanding Camera Modes:
Every camera has a means of setting the exposure through the control of shutter speed and the aperture of the lens. These are to be found on the mode dial, set on the top plate of the camera. In those cameras targeted at the average photographer, the mode dial will include pictograms representing various automatic modes, usually for sport, macro, landscape, night portraits and night scenes. These are popular with many users as they make it easy to choose appropriate settings for what would otherwise be difficult scenes in which to obtain decent photographs. Each manufacturer will, of course, make their own decision on what combination of shutter and aperture settings is used for each type of scene. In order to get the best settings it is better to learn how to use the modes that require more input from the photographer, such as fully manual, aperture and shutter priority. For novices however, scene modes are a good place to start until you learn more about the theory of photography. Cameras aimed at the more experienced professional photographer will often exclude scene modes from the mode dial but many retain them, for example the Canon EOS 450D, the Sony Alpha 350 and the Nikon D60 all retain them. Models that dispense with the scene modes on the mode dial include the Nikon D3 and the Canon EOS-1Ds. Manual Mode:
With this mode the photographer sets both the lens aperture and the shutter speed. To obtain good exposure the photographer needs to understand how aperture and shutter speed combine to produce a certain exposure, as well as being able to interpret the camera's light meter or be able to use an external light meter. For this reason it best to avoid this mode until one is more experienced. Aperture Priority Mode:
Usually indicated by an 'A' or 'Av' on the mode dial, the photographer would use this mode when wanting to control the lens aperture. This is important if you need maximum depth of field for landscapes or the minimum amount of depth of field to isolate the subject from its background. The camera will set the shutter speed to ensure an accurate exposure. Shutter Priority Mode:
Indicated by a 'T' or 'Tv' n the mode dial, this is the opposite of aperture priority mode. Here the photographer sets the shutter speed and the camera sets the aperture. You would select this mode if you need to take photographs of fast moving objects such as racing cars, aircraft or very active children! Program Mode:
Similar to full auto mode, it is usually indicated by a 'P' on the mode dial. This allows limited control of things like exposure compensation and auto focus. It may also give limited control over the combination of aperture and priority. Full Auto Mode:
Here the camera sets shutter and aperture and may also lock access to auto focus, exposure compensation and ISO settings. It is usually indicated by an 'A' or 'Auto' on the mode dial. Summary:
To best understand how your camera works its worth exploring each mode until you are confident which one is the right one to use in any particular situation. Once you are fully conversant with each mode and understand the relationship between aperture, shutter speed, ISO and exposure compensation, you will be able to get the most out of your camera and enjoy your photography more fully.
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Contributor's Note
Photography requires an understanding of how apertures, shutter speeds, ISO settings and exposure compensation all relate to each other. Anything else is just snapping.
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